UEA ENV Climatic Research Unit Climate Data Tim Osborn




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CLIMGEN (PATTERN SCALING)


About ClimGen : ClimGen references : ClimGen software : ClimGen data : Papers that used ClimGen

About ClimGen

ClimGen is a spatial climate scenario generator, designed to allow users to explore some of the uncertainties in future climate change at regional scales.

ClimGen was originally developed by Tim Osborn (Climatic Research Unit, CRU) and Tim Mitchell (then at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research), both in the School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. ClimGen is being maintained and developed further by Tim Osborn. Other contributions (data processing, advice, testing, etc.) have been made by Craig Wallace, Ian Harris, Tom Melvin, Nigel Arnell, Rachel Warren, Rita Yu, Jeff Price and a number of others.

ClimGen is based on the so-called "pattern-scaling" approach to generating spatial climate change information for a given global-mean temperature change. The pattern-scaling approach relies on the assumption that the pattern of climate change (encompassing the geographical, seasonal and multi-variable structure) simulated by coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) is relatively constant (for a given AOGCM) under a range of rates and amounts of global warming, provided that the changes are expressed as change per unit Kelvin of global-mean temperature change. These normalised patterns of climate change do, however, show considerable variation between different AOGCMs, and it is this variation that ClimGen is principally designed to explore. Further scientific details are provided in the technical paper given below.

ClimGen also provides a convenient interface for generating these scenarios and for extracting observed climate data in a common format, with options to extract user-defined regions, seasons and specific time periods.

In some respects, ClimGen is similar to other spatial scenario generators that use the pattern-scaling approach, some of which are listed in the technical paper given below. Similar tools have previously been developed at CRU/UEA -- notably SCENGEN. Information about SCENGEN version 2.x (Wigley et al., 2000; Hulme et al., 2000) is available here (archived copy). SCENGEN was subsequently developed further by Tom Wigley at NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA, and information about SCENGEN version 4.x (Wigley, 2003) was available here (archived copy). ClimGen does not re-use any of the SCENGEN software code, and only uses the concepts from SCENGEN that are common to all tools of this type.


ClimGen references

The scientific and technical basis for ClimGen is described in the following paper and references therein:

A user manual for ClimGen is available:

Osborn TJ (2009) A user guide for ClimGen: a flexible tool for generating monthly climate data sets and scenarios. Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 17pp.

Explanations of file names and file formats:

A description of the format and content of ClimGen output files.

How ClimGen output files are named.

Explanation of the global temperature change database available in ClimGen: global temperature table


ClimGen software: availability and versions

ClimGen availability

ClimGen is written in Fortran95 and the source code is available for use in selected projects. See source code for more details if you wish to obtain this software.

ClimGen version history


ClimGen data

A wide range of datasets have been generated using ClimGen for many projects (see papers listed later). Some have been shared via this website, so they are listed here to provide an archive in case those studies need to be reproduced.

ClimGen was used in the EU ToPDAd project.

ClimGen was used in the NERC QUEST-GSI (Global-Scale Impacts) project.

ClimGen was used in the EU ERMITAGE project.


Papers that used ClimGen results

These papers were based partly or fully on scenarios generated using the ClimGen pattern-scaling methods and software.

2022

2021

  • Hasan E, Tarhule A, Kirstetter P-E (2021) Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Water Storage Changes in the Nile River Basin from GRACE/GRACE-FO and Modeling. Remote Sensing, 13, 953 (https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050953).
  • Turchin P, Currie T, Collins C, Levine J, Oyebamiji O, Edwards NR, Holden PB, Hoyer D, Feeney K, François P & Whitehouse H (2021) An integrative approach to estimating productivity in past societies using Seshat: Global History Databank. The Holocene, 31, 1055–1065 (https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683621994644).
  • Wang D, Jenkins K, Forstenhäusler N. et al. (2021) Economic impacts of climate-induced crop yield changes: evidence from agri-food industries in six countries. Climatic Change 166, 30 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03062-8).

2020

  • King MR (2020) One approach for downscaling climate change data towards regional implications in climate change scenarios: the case for Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. SN Appl. Sci., 2, 2039 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03776-x).

2019

  • Arnell NW, Lowe JA, Bernie D, Nicholls RJ, Brown S, Challinor AJ, Osborn TJ (2019) The global and regional impacts of climate change under representative concentration pathway forcings and shared socioeconomic pathway socioeconomic scenarios. Environmental Research Letters, 14, 084046 (https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab35a6).
  • Arnell NW, Lowe JA, Challinor AJ, Osborn TJ (2019) Global and regional impacts of climate change at different levels of global temperature increase. Climatic Change 155, 377–391 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02464-z).
  • Warren RF, Edwards NR, Babonneau F, Bacon PM, Dietrich JP, Ford RW, Garthwaite P, Gerten D, Goswami, S, Haurie A, Hiscock K, Holden PB, Hyde MR, Joshi SR, Kanudia A, Labriet M, Leimbach M, Oyebamiji OK, Osborn TJ, Pizzileo B, Popp A, Price J, Riley G, Schaphoff S, Slavin P, Vielle M, and Wallace C (2019) Producing Policy-relevant Science by Enhancing Robustness and Model Integration for the Assessment of Global Environmental Change. Environmental Modelling and Software, online (doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.05.010).

2018

2016

  • Arnell NW, Brown S, Gosling SN, Hinkel J, Huntingford C, Lloyd-Hughes B, Lowe JA, Osborn T, Nicholls RJ and Zelazowski P (2016) Global-scale climate impact functions: the relationship between climate forcing and impact. Climatic Change 134, 475-487 (doi:10.1007/s10584-013-1034-7).
  • Arnell NW, Brown S, Gosling SN, Gottschalk P, Hinkel J, Huntingford C, Lloyd-Hughes B, Lowe JA, Nicholls RJ, Osborn TJ, Osborne TM, Rose GA, Smith P, Wheeler TR and Zelazowski P (2016) The impacts of climate change across the globe: a multi-sectoral assessment. Climatic Change 134, 457-474 (doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1281-2).
  • Arnell NW, Lowe JA, Warren RF, Bernie D, Brown S, Gambhir A, Hawkes E, Kebede AS, Lloyd-Hughes B, Napp T, Osborn TJ and Price JT (2016) The impacts of climate change avoided by future reductions in emissions as defined in the Intended Nationally-Determined Contributions. AVOID Report B2c to the DECC AVOID2 programme, 52pp (available here: http://www.avoid.uk.net/2016/02/the-impacts-of-climate-change-avoided-under-the-indcs/).
  • Osborn TJ, Wallace CJ, Harris IC and Melvin TM (2016) Pattern scaling using ClimGen: monthly-resolution future climate scenarios including changes in the variability of precipitation. Climatic Change 134, 353-369 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1509-9

2015

  • Conway D, Archer van Garderen E, Deryng D, Dorling S, Krueger T, Landman W, Lankford B, Lebek K, Osborn TJ, Ringler C, Thurlow J, Zhu T and Dalin C (2015) Climate and southern Africa's water-energy-food nexus. Nature Climate Change 5, 837-846 (doi:10.1038/nclimate2735).

2013

  • Arnell NW, Lowe JA, Brown S, Gosling SN, Gottschalk P, Hinkel J, Lloyd-Hughes B, Nicholls RJ, Osborn TJ, Osborne TM, Rose GA, Smith P and Warren R (2013) A global assessment of the effects of climate policy on the impacts of climate change. Nature Climate Change 3, 512-519 (doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE1793).
  • Warren R, Lowe JA, Arnell NW, Hope C, Berry P, Brown S, Gambhir A, Gosling SN, Nicholls RJ, O'Hanley J, Osborn TJ, Osborne T, Price J, Rose G and Vanderwal J (2013) The AVOID programme's new simulations of the global benefits of stringent climate change mitigation. Climatic Change 120, 55-70 (doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0814-4).
  • Warren R, VanDerWal J, Price J, Welbergen JA, Atkinson I, Ramirez-Villegas J, Osborn TJ, Jarvis A, Shoo LP, Williams SE and Lowe J (2013) Quantifying the benefit of early climate change mitigation in avoiding biodiversity loss. Nature Climate Change 3, 678-682 (doi:10.1038/nclimate1887).

2012

  • Gottschalk P, Smith JU, Wattenbach M, Bellarby J, Stehfest E, Arnell N, Osborn TJ, Jones C and Smith P (2012) How will organic carbon stocks in mineral soils evolve under future climate? Global projections using RothC for a range of climate change scenarios. Biogeosciences 9, 3151-3171 (doi:10.5194/bg-9-3151-2012).
  • Warren R, Yu RMS, Osborn TJ and de la Nava Santos S (2012) Future European drought regimes under mitigated and unmitigated climate change: application of the Community Integrated Assessment System (CIAS). Climate Research 51, 105-123 (doi:10.3354/cr01042).

2011

  • Todd MC, Taylor RG, Osborn TJ, Kingston DG, Arnell NW and Gosling SN (2011) Uncertainty in climate change impacts on basin-scale freshwater resources - preface to the special issue: the QUEST-GSI methodology and synthesis of results. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, 1035-1046 (doi:10.5194/hess-15-1035-2011).

2008

  • Warren R, de la Nava Santos S, Arnell NW, Bane M, Barker T, Barton C, Ford R, Fuessel H-M, Hankin RKS, Klein R, Linstead C, Kohler J, Mitchell TD, Osborn TJ, Pan H, Raper SCB, Riley G, Schellnhuber HJ, Winne S and Anderson D (2008) Development and illustrative outputs of the Community Integrated Assessment System (CIAS), a multi-institutional modular integrated assessment approach for modelling climate change. Environmental Modelling and Software 23, 592-610 (doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.09.002).

2006

2003


License

The ClimGen software system is made available under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND License. You may use, copy and redistribute the ClimGen software system under the following terms: Attribution (give appropriate credit and link to this license), Non-Commercial (you may not use it for commercial purposes), and No Derivatives (you may not distribute any modified versions).

The datasets generated using ClimGen are made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the datasets are licensed under the Database Contents License under the conditions of Attribution and Share-Alike.

Please use the attribution Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia

Updated: February 2024, Tim Osborn