VINTHER NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION INDEX

Vinther et al. (2003) produced a modified North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index by replacing early Gibraltar sea level pressure (SLP) observations with a data record that they developed using early observations from Cádiz and San Fernando. These data replaced the 1821-1856 Gibraltar data, and then the Gibraltar data were used for the remainder of the record.

This revised record with used in combination with SLP data from SW Iceland to produce the Vinther et al. NAO index using the same methods as Jones et al. (1997).

When using these data, please cite:

Cádiz/San Fernando monthly mean pressure 1821-1987

1821-1850 pressure data are based on observations from Cádiz, while later data are based on observations from San Fernando.

• Download data here: Cádiz/San Fernando monthly mean pressure 1821-1987

Iberia/Iceland Monthly NAO Index 1821-1999

1821-1856 NAO Index data are based on pressure observations from Cádiz/San Fernando and SW Iceland, while later data are based on observations from Gibraltar and SW Iceland.

• Download data here: Vinther (Iberia/Iceland) Monthly NAO Index 1821-1999

Further information

For updated NAO index data, see our main NAO index page. For a description of the main NAO index see Jones et al. (1997).