- Identifier:
- ECHO-G version 4, T30 resolution (please always use this when referring to the model, to ensure consistent terminology).
- Reference to the model:
- Legutke S and Voss R (1999) ECHO-G, the Hamburg atmosphere-ocean coupled circulation model. DKRZ technical report 18, DKRZ, Hamburg. (PDF reprint)
- Details:
- ECHO-G is a coupled model, using ECHAM4 atmosphere and HOPE ocean models.
- Papers that describe ECHO-G results:
- A list of papers based on ECHO-G is available from Model and Data Group at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology.
- Information about all these simulations, including an overview of their initial conditions and external forcings are available from J. Fidel Gonzalez-Rouco's website.
- Control simulation:
- 1000-year simulation with constant external forcing.
- Reference for the control simulation:
- Zorita E, Gonzalez-Rouco F and Legutke S (2003) Testing the Mann et al. (1998) approach to paleoclimate reconstructions in the context of a 1000-year control simulation with the ECHO-G coupled climate model. J. Climate 16, 1368-1390.
- All forcings simulation ("Erik-the-Red"):
- 901-1990 with prescribed changes in volcanic forcing, solar irradiance, and greenhouse gases. Only use the period 1000-1990, due to spin up trends before 1000.
- Reference for Erik simulation:
- Gonzalez-Rouco F, von Storch H and Zorita E (2003) Deep soil temperature as proxy for surface air-temperature in a coupled model simulation of the last thousand years. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 2116.
- von Storch H, Zorita E, Jones JM, Dmitriev Y and Tett SFB (2004) Reconstructing past climate from noisy data. Science 304, 679-682.
- Note that there is now a second "Erik-the-Red" simulation (Erik2) which has been run
using identical forcings as Erik1, but with cooler initial conditions, to avoid drift during
the early centuries of the simulation. Data from Erik2 are not currently available from the SO&P
website. The reference for Erik2 is:
- Gonzalez-Rouco JF, Beltrami H, Zorita E and von Storch H (2006) Simulation and inversion of borehole temperature profiles in surrogate climates: spatial distribution and surface coupling. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L01703 (doi: 10.1029/2005GL024693).
- All forcings simulation ("Christopher Columbus"):
- Data from this simulation are not available from the SO&P website. This simulation is listed here because some SO&P research has made use of data from it. The forcings used are identical to those used for the Erik-the-Red simulation, but for a shorter period.
- 1465-1990 with prescribed changes in volcanic forcing, solar irradiance, and greenhouse gases. Only use the period 1550-1990, due to spin up trends before 1550.
- Reference for Columbus simulation:
- Zorita E, von Storch H, Gonzalez-Rouco F, Cubasch U, Luterbacher J, Legutke S, Fischer-Bruns I and Schlese U (2003) Simulation of the climate of the last five centuries. GKSS Report 2003/12, 43pp. (PDF reprint)
- Natural forcings only simulations ("Enat"):
- 1756-1990 with prescribed changes in volcanic forcing and solar irradiance only. This simulation begins from the 1756 conditions of Erik1, and so can the 1000-1755 data from Erik1 can be concatenated with the 1756-1990 data from Enat to make a 991-year simulation under natural forcings only.
- In fact this simulation is just one of a larger ensemble of runs for this period, though only data from Enat is available on the SO&P website.
- Reference for the Enat simulation (and the larger ensemble):
- Cubasch U, Burger G, Fast I, Spangehl T and Wagner S (2005) The direct solar influence on climate: modeling the lower atmosphere. Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana 76, 810-818.
- Pre-computed time series for various regional or hemispheric or global averages are in plain text.
- Full spatial fields of model output data are available in netCDF format.
- Global and hemispheric time series and monthly fields are now available for some variables. Click here for access.
Anyone using or citing information obtained from this website should take great care to correctly acknowledge the original source/authors of the work.
Last updated: March 2004, Tim Osborn