RELEASE NOTES FOR CRU TS v4.09: 19 March 2025 The CRU TS dataset was developed and has been subsequently updated, improved and maintained with support from a number of funders, principally the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the US Department of Energy. Long-term support is currently provided by the UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), a NERC collaborative centre. The 4.09 release of the CRU TS dataset covers the period 1901-2024. The new interpolation algorithm is unchanged since v4.03. To understand this dataset, it is important to understand its construction and limitations. It is therefore recommended that all users read the relevant paper: Harris, I., Osborn, T.J., Jones, P. et al. Version 4 of the CRU TS monthly high-resolution gridded multivariate climate dataset. Sci Data 7, 109 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0453-3 1. What's new in 4.09 1.1 Process changes As planned, the new 'cohort' selection procedure (see the v4.08 Release Notes) has been extended to DTR. At the same time, for PRE, the process has been discontinued: it created anomalous patterns in sparsely-supported regions. CLIMAT observations were drawn from MCDW (as usual), and BoM (for Australia Tmin and Tmax). However, gaps in the December 2024 cover from MCDW necessitated the use of DWD CLIMAT observations (raw, not QC'd). These were then all passed through the CRU TS QC processes. 2. Output files For now, the approach of issuing NetCDF and ASCII files in parallel will remain, as will the publications of decadal files as well as full-length versions. However, decadal files may not be archived when superceded, in order to make best use of space. As always, please contact BADC in the first instance if you have any questions, observations or suggestions (and have acquired CRU TS from them). If, however, you wish to contact CRU directly about these datasets, please contact t.osborn@uea.ac.uk in the first instance. Ian Harris (ret'd) NCAS-Climate Climatic Research Unit School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ All enquiries: t.osborn@uea.ac.uk